Chapter+3+Verbals+-+Rules+with+examples

-A verbal used as a noun and in its present tense always ends in –ing. It can be used as a subject, a complement,, an appositive, and an object of a preposition.
 * Gerund**

Sky diving is considered an extreme sport. (gerund used as a subject)
 * Examples:**

He was not to blame for kicking the cat. (gerund used as object of a preposition)

I appreciated your taking time to help me. (gerund used as direct object)

His unselfish act, giving his candy to his brother, showed the kid’s kindness.

- A verbal used as an adjective. The present participle is formed by adding –ing to the verb. The past participle is formed by adding –ed, -d, -t, or –n.
 * Participle**


 * Examples:**

The kid, crying because he did not get any candy, refused to go home. (Crying is a present participle)

The broken bone will mend back together. (Broken is a past participle modifying bone.)

The old shoes, faded and broken, were given to charity. ( Faded and torn are past participles modifying shoes) Having been warned, the man was tossed out of the bar. (Having been warned is a present perfect participle modifying man.)

- A verbal consisting usually of the simplest form of the verb preceded by to. It can be used as a noun, adjective, or an adverb.
 * Infinitive**

To err is human. (To err is a noun, the subject of is)
 * Examples:**

He wanted to swim tomorrow. ( To swim is a noun, the object of the verb wanted) He had a few papers to grade. ( To grade is an adjective used to modify paper.)