SerranoNotes+-+Chapter+4+Phrases+-+Rules+with+examples

__Definition:__ a phrase is a group of related words, generally having neither a subject nor a predicate.

Phrases

Ex. //Being late for school// is his worst fault. (gerund is used as subject)
 * __Gerund Phrase:__** made up of a gerund and any complement or modifiers it may have. A gerund always functions as a noun.

Ex. //Having known about the robbery//, she went to the police (participle phrase modifies the subject)
 * __Participial Phrase:__** Made up of a participle and any complement or modifiers it may have. Participial phrases function as an adjective.

Ex. He had school //to go to at seven// in the morning (infinitive phrase modifies school)
 * __Infinitive Phrase:__** made up of an infinitive and any complement or modifiers it may have. They function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.

Ex. //The party being close//, I decided to attend the get together. (the phrase is independent from the rest of the sentence)
 * __Absolute Phrase:__** A construction that is grammatically independent from the rest of a sentence that consists of a noun followed by a pronoun. It is never a subject, nor does it modify any word in the sentence, but it is used independently.

//Throughout Dubai// are many extravagant resorts. (prepositional phrase modifies the verb)
 * __Prepositional Phrase:__** made up of a preposition followed by a noun or pronoun used as its object, together with any modifiers the noun or pronoun may have. They function usually as an adjective or an adverb.

The bankers plan, //to make a lot of money//, was always a part of his dreams. (the appositive phrase modifies plan)
 * __Appositive Phrase:__** word or phrase that explains, identifies, or renames the word it follows. It may be a noun phrase, a gerund phrase, an infinitive phrase, or a prepositional phrase.